Every election season, some Ghanaians arrive at polling stations only to find their names missing from the register. Others discover they were registered in a town they left years ago. Most of these problems can be avoided by understanding how voter registration works and checking details early.
Who can register
Ghanaian citizens aged 18 and above, of sound mind and resident in the electoral area where they wish to register, can register to vote. Ghanaians abroad have limited options, and debates over diaspora voting continue. The Electoral Commission now requires the Ghana Card as the main document for registration. Earlier, guarantors could vouch for applicants, but that system was phased out for most registrations.
The commission holds major registration exercises before elections and limited registration exercises at district offices in between. Dates are announced publicly.
The process and the register
Applicants go to a registration centre, present their Ghana Card, have their photograph and fingerprints taken and receive a voter ID card. If you have moved, you can apply to transfer your vote to your new polling station during designated periods. Transfers are usually closed close to elections. The commission exhibits the provisional register before elections so voters can confirm their details. Voters can also check through SMS short codes or online services the commission provides. Report errors during the exhibition period.
Problems and election day
Replacements can be requested at district offices, usually for a fee. Registering more than once is an offence. The biometric system is designed to detect duplicates. Party agents can challenge registrations they believe are invalid, for example of minors or non-residents. District registration review committees hear challenges. Voters must vote at their assigned polling station, where they are verified biometrically before receiving ballot papers.
Elections in Ghana are often close. A few thousand votes in key constituencies can decide parliamentary seats.
Young first-time voters
Many young Ghanaians turn 18 between elections. Limited registration exercises at district offices give them a chance to register without waiting for a major exercise. Schools and youth groups often run campaigns to encourage first-time voters to register and check their details. Registering takes an hour. Checking your details takes minutes. Both are the difference between having a vote and finding out on election day that you do not.
