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Philip Gbeho’s music, a student’s lyrics: the story of Ghana’s national anthem

Ghana's national anthem was adopted in 1957 with music by Philip Gbeho and original lyrics by Emmanuel Pappoe-Thompson. After Nkrumah's overthrow, new words beginning "God bless our homeland Ghana" were chosen in a competition. They are credited to Michael Kwame Gbordzoe, then a student at Bishop Herman College.

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The flag of Ghana
Photo: Roc0ast3r / Wikimedia Commons (CC0)

Every Ghanaian schoolchild learns the words: “God bless our homeland Ghana, and make our nation great and strong.” Fewer know that the anthem once had different lyrics, and that the current ones were written by a secondary school student.

Adopted at independence

Ghana adopted its national anthem in 1957, when the country became independent from Britain. The music was composed by Philip Gbeho, a musician and educator from the Volta Region.

The first lyrics

The original words were written by Emmanuel Pappoe-Thompson and began “Lift high the flag of Ghana”. These were used as the anthem during Kwame Nkrumah’s presidency.

After 1966

After the coup that overthrew Nkrumah in February 1966, the new government sought to change symbols associated with his rule. A competition was held to choose new lyrics.

The student

The winning lyrics were presented by Michael Kwame Gbordzoe, then a student at Bishop Herman College in Kpando. His words, beginning “God bless our homeland Ghana”, replaced the original lyrics and have been in use since the 1970s. Gbordzoe has spoken publicly about writing them.

Gbeho’s music remains

The music did not change. Philip Gbeho’s composition, with its steady, dignified melody, is still played at state events, schools and sports matches.

The verses

The anthem has three verses, though the first is the one most often sung. It asks God to bless the nation, to help the people defend freedom and to fill them with the spirit of unity.

The pledge

In schools, the anthem is followed by the national pledge: “I promise on my honour to be faithful and loyal to Ghana my motherland.” Many Ghanaians recite both from memory.

At football matches

For many people, the anthem is most emotional before Black Stars matches, when players and supporters sing it together. Singing it abroad, at a World Cup, can feel especially powerful.

Know the words

Surveys and street interviews often show that some adults struggle to remember all the lines. Teachers and public figures regularly call for the anthem to be taught more carefully.

A schoolboy’s legacy

Many national anthems were written by famous poets. Ghana’s current words came from a student in a competition. Every time the anthem is sung at a stadium or school assembly, a young person’s words are carried by the whole nation.

Isaac Nana Yaw Annor

Isaac Nana Yaw Annor, popularly known as King Bygone, is a Ghanaian blogger, publicist and digital publisher, and the editor of Accra Posts. He started out with an entertainment blog, wrote more than 389 articles for Opera News, and worked alongside broadcaster Abeiku Santana on media and publicity from 2016 to 2024. He founded The Gospel Post, We Post Weddings, Nsemwokrom, AfroYard and Culture Gossip, and is a certified software engineer (ALX Africa). Avance Media named him among the Top 50 Ghanaian Bloggers in 2022, 2023 and 2024.

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